Bertie y Hamlet, dos príncipes en abismo / Two Princes in Abyss

El recurso de la narrativa literaria permite analizar el film "El discurso del Rey" desde una perspectiva diferente a las disponibles. Se trata de leerlo a partir del concepto de puesta en abismo (mis en abyme), encontrando una escena dentro de la escena, en la que la segunda ofrece las pistas para inteligir claves de la primera. Este recurso se aplica a dos pasajes clave del film, permitiendo así analizarlo como una ficción clínica y comprender mejor las vicisitudes psicológicas del personaje y sus posibles salidas

The resource of literary narrative allows us to analyze the film "The King's Speech" from a different perspective than those currently available. It is a matter of reading it from the concept of "mis en abyme", finding a scene within the scene, in which the second offers the clues to understand the keys of the first. This resource is applied to two key passages of the film, thus allowing it to be analyzed as a clinical fiction and to better understand the psychological vicissitudes of the character and the possible ways out of it

Othello: A Postcolonial Play

In pursuance of Literary Theory and Criticism, texts are drastically heterogeneous. They do not contain any general meaning, but each time a text is read from a different perspective, it reproduces new meanings and contributes to the propagation of new ideas and theories. A deconstructive reading can reveal the irreconcilable possibilities generated by the text, and the reader finds it strenuous to determine any permanent meanings. In this paper, Shakespeare's Othello is read from a different perspective in adherence to postcolonial theory. The Othello bears several references to postcolonial qualities – the Eurocentric ideology of Elizabethan people, who incline to think and express their thoughts in terms of binary oppositions, the notion of postcolonial othering, the position of marginalized, a clash between the Orient and the Occident, the hybridity of culture, identity crisis, and European racial consciousness, etc. Thus, the present paper focuses mainly on Shakespeare's work Othello with a postcolonial approach in the light of Edward Said's Orientalism.

William Shakespeare y la medicina / William Shakespeare and medicine

Si repensamos a escritores que se ocuparon de la medicina, el presente trabajo pretende destacar a William Shakespeare, como un escritor que prácticamente en toda su obra describe en sus personajes problemas de salud de todo tipo. Se harán ciertas referencias de los aspectos médicos desarrollados en la obra del escritor, advirtiendo que son sólo una parte de su extensa producción. (AU)

If we rethink writers who dealt with medicine, this paper intends to highlight William Shakespeare, as a writer who practically describes all kinds of health problems in his characters. Certain references will be made of the medical aspects developed in the writer's work, warning that they are only part of his extensive production. (AU)

La desafiliación en la obra inca “Apu Ollantay” / The disaffiliation in the Inca play “Apu Ollantay”

Se intenta un análisis psicológico de aspectos fundamentales del dramaApu Ollantay escrito en quechua durante la era colonial en el Perú, comparando profundidad artística y temas de su argumento con los de dos clásicas obras de Shakespeare. Luego de breves referencias históricas en torno a fecha de publicación, traducción y primera presentación de Apu Ollantay , se identifica claramente, aún con comprensibles diferencias de énfasis, el tema de desafiliaciónfamiliar hasta en dos generaciones, así como el desenlace del reconocimientoa través de gestos de generosidad, perdón y perspectivas nuevas de convivencia social y familiar. Las diferencias de tiempo e historia seesfuman al conjuro de poesía sugerente y teatralidad profunda.

A psychological analysis of fundamental aspects of the Inca drama Apu Ollantay, written in Quechua during the colonial era in Peru, is attempted, comparing artistic depth and themes of its plot with two classic plays from Shakespeare. After brief historical references to publication date, translation and first performance of Apu Ollantay, two themes are clearly identified even with understandable differences in emphasis: family disaffiliation extended to two generations, and recognition as an outcome materialized through gestures of generosity, forgiveness and new perspectives of social and familial co-existence. Time-related and historical differences fade away in the midst of suggestive poetry and profound theatrical playing.

Shakespeare: transformações em imagens / Shakespeare: transformaciones en imágenes / Shakespeare: transformations into images

No presente trabalho os autores procuram compreender a atividade criativa de Shakespeare à luz da teoria das transformações, de Bion. Atribuem a criatividade e atualidade da obra do poeta e dramaturgo às transformações de emoções e sensações humanas em imagens, representadas por seus personagens, que enfrentam as questões da vida e da morte. Buscando as raízes desta capacidade, creem ser a principal delas o fato de, cedo na vida, ter-se defrontado com a morte devido à peste que assolou a Europa e com a vida graças ao amor extremo de sua mãe. Algumas passagens da obra de Shakespeare são citadas para ilustrar os pontos de vista dos autores

In this paper the authors try to understand Shakespeare’s creative activity utilizing Bion’s transformation theory. They attribute the creativity and current content of the poet and playwright’s work to the transformations of human emotions and sensations into images, represented by his characters, which face the issues of life and death. Searching the roots of such capacity, they believe that the main fact was that, early in life, Shakespeare was confronted with death due to the pest which devastated Europe, and with life due to the extreme love from his mother. Some passages of Shakespeare’s work are mentioned to illustrate the authors’ vantage points

En el presente trabajo, la autors busca comprender la actividad creadora de Shakespeare a la luz de la teoría de las transformaciones, de Bion. Asigna la creatividad y actualidad de la obra del poeta y dramaturgo a las transformaciones de emociones y sensaciones humanas en imágenes, representadas por sus personajes, que enfrentan las cuestiones de la vida y de la muerte. Buscando las raíces de esta capacidad, cree ser la principal de ellas el hecho de, cedo en la vida, haberse enfrentado con la muerte debido a la peste que asoló a Europa y con la vida por el amor extremo de su madre. Algunos pasajes de la obra de Shakespeare son citadas para demostrar las miradas de la autora

O Bem, o Mal ­ é tudo igual? O drama das palavras e paixões em Macbeth de Shakespeare / Good, evil ­ are they all the same? The drama of the words and passions in Shakespeare's Macbeth

Partindo de uma experiência de leitura e reflexão do drama de Shakespeare, Macbeth, no Laboratório de Humanidades do Centro de História e Filosofia das Ciências da Saúde da Escola Paulista de Medicina da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, este artigo procura problematizar a questão do poder das palavras. Dialogando com filósofos antigos, modernos e contemporâneos, procuramos, no itinerário delineado por Shakespeare em sua peça, analisar as qualidades, força e efeitos da palavra no âmbito das paixões, dos atos e da ética humana.(AU)

Starting from an experience of reading and reflection of the drama of Shakespeare, Macbeth, in the Laboratory of Humanities of the Center of History and Philosophy of Paulista Medical School of Federal University of São Paulo, this article aims at problematizing the question of the power of words. Dialoguing with ancient, modern and contemporary philosophers, this article seeks, by the itinerary outlined in Shakespeare's play, to analyse the qualities, power and effects of the word in the scope of human passions, acts, and Ethics.(AU)

Controle de estímulos, modelagem do comportamento verbal e correspondência no 'Otelo' de Shakespeare / Stimulus control, shaping of verbal behavior and correspondence in Shakespeare’s 'Othello'

Pesquisadores de diversas áreas têm analisado obras literárias devido ao seu eminente conteúdo psicológico. Interpretações comportamentais de peças de ficção são raras, e quando analistas do comportamento estudam obras literárias, geralmente analisam o comportamento do autor/artista ou servem-se dessas obras para ilustrar fenômenos comportamentais. Ao recorrer à ficção como objeto de análise, leva-se em conta que os personagens ali descritos comportam-se, em última instância, obedecendo aos mesmos controles a que estariam expostas pessoas reais em condições naturais. Peças teatrais referem-se quase exclusivamente ao comportamento verbal de suas personagens, sendo pertinente analisar os controles sobre suas falas. Foram verificadas contingências que dão conta da relação funcional entre respostas verbais e estímulos controladores no encadeamento de comportamentos intraverbais de resolução de problemas, usando como objeto de estudo personagens da peça “Otelo” de Shakespeare. Procedeu-se a análise funcional de respostas verbais identificando instâncias de comportamento e verificando antecedentes e conseqüentes relevantes à emissão de determinadas respostas.

Researchers have analyzed literature for its evident psychological content. However, behavioral interpretations of fictional plays are rare because, when behaviorists study works of literature, they often analyze the behavior of the author/artist or use it to illustrate behavioral phenomena. With fiction as a subject for analysis, one has to consider that the characters described in the piece ultimately behave under the same controls as do real people under natural conditions. Theater plays revolve, almost exclusively, around the verbal behavior of characters, and then it is relevant to analyze the controls on their speeches. Using characters from the play “Othello” by W. Shakespeare as subject, contingencies were verified to show functional relationships between verbal responses and control stimuli in the intraverbal chained behaviors of problem solving. Functional analyses of verbal responses were made through the identification of behavior instances and verification of antecedents and consequents relevant to the emission of specific responses.